This document (12 pages, 6 figures) provides a straightforward introduction to modern pH measurement. It has been written with the actual user in mind. Basic concepts like potentiometry, pH, Nernst equation are explained. The main focus lies on practical aspects (e.g. types of electrodes, how to measure, zero potential adjustment or temperature compensation). Therefore we feel it's worth reading for both the beginner and the advanced user.

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"The background of pH measurement and hints for your daily work" is a 12-page document in PDF format (275 kB). You need the Adobe Acrobat Reader to view (download, print) this document. The Acrobat Reader is available from the Adobe Web site free of charge. Upon installation, it should automatically integrate with your Web browser.